Page 35 - Year 8

Geography: Energy: 7 of 7 History: The Agricultural and Industrial Revolution: 1 of 2

Key Agriculture: a Revolution: a Urbanisation: the Crop rotation: Germ Theory: Enclosure: Industry:
Energy • Traditionally we get energy Global inequalities in the supply and consumption terms I broad dramatic and wide- process of making The act of the Bringing strips of The making of raw goods
from oil, coal and wood. of energy must term for farming. reaching change in an area more urban. changing crops in idea that land together usually in factories. The
• Many different sources are Energy know: This could be The move from rural a field from year to diseases and putting beginning of mass
generated by changing • The richest 13% of people globally use 50% of the growing crops conditions or areas to those of year so that no are caused by fences around production.
technology. world’s energy. and attitudes. towns and cities. land is left fallow germs that land. Used
• Used for electricity • The poorest 13% of people globally use 4% of the raising livestock (with nothing or during the
production, heating, world’s energy. (animals). growing in it). microorganisms. Agricultural
transport and for water • Countries import and export energy. Revolution.
supply (e.g. wells). • Some countries do not have their own sources of Inventions
Industrial changes
• Supports industrialisation energy. The Industrial Revolution brought the United Kingdom into an era of technology and • Steam power - In around 1712, Thomas Newcomen built the first
and development.
productivity. It created wealth for many but social problems and poverty for others. commercially successful steam engine to pump water out of mines.
By 1914, England had become a great trading nation with a worldwide empire, which James Watt made steam engines much more efficient. His other
covered a fifth of the globe. There were many notable changes including; improvements meant steam engines could replace water and horse
• a 260 per cent growth in population o a change from agriculture to industry power in a wide variety of industries, which in turn allowed factories
• a move from domestic industry to factory work
Changing demand for Energy in the UK creates opportunities and challenges What are Resources? to be built anywhere.
• a move from water and wind power to steam engines • In 1815 Humphry Davy invented a lamp that changed colour of it

The changing UK Energy mix in 2015 : Key term Definition Fracking – Opportunities and • a revolution in transport and communications, from canals and pack horses, to came into contact with methane gas. It transformed the mining
energy mix • Fossil fuels (65%) Coal 31%, Gas 25%, Nuclear 19%, Renewable Resources Materials that have value for Challenges railways and the telegraph - Transport and communications - George Stephenson and industry.
sources 22%. In 1970 91% from fossil fuels. Isambard Kingdom Brunel oversaw the 'Railway Mania' of the 1800s. • There were a number of other ground breaking inventions such as;
• The UK has invested in renewable energy e.g. solar energy and people. They may be needed for Opportunities Challenges
basic survival e.g. water, or
subsidies are given by the government. - Shale gas is - Contaminated Case study – the 1854 outbreak of cholera prompted John Snow to investigate: 1837 - Samuel Morse invented the telegraph, in 1839 - Kirkpatrick
appreciated as something that readily water is pumped Macmillan invented the bicycle and in 1885 - Karl Benz invented the
improves quality of life e.g. available in UK. back into the Snow created a spot map to show the deaths from cholera that occurred around Broad motor car.
Decreasing • Reserves of North Sea oil and gas are declining. coffee. - Will act as a ground and can Street in the Soho district of London.
This led Snow to notice a pattern; that the deaths were all connected to the water pump
domestic • EU regulations on gas emissions has led to a decrease in fossil bridging fuel until affect water
supply of oil, fuel use. Resource The control and monitoring of alternative supplies. Snow removed the handle of the water pump and prevented people from using it.
coal and gas. • Energy efficient appliances and industry mean less energy is used management resources so they don’t become technologies are - Fracking uses a There were no more deaths in the Broad Street area from cholera.
in homes and industry. developed. lot of energy.
depleted or exhausted.
Economic and • It is cheaper to import coal into the UK than to mine it. - Increased - 3% of gas The Factory Acts:
cost of fuel makes
extracted is lost to
environment • Nuclear Power Stations are being decommissioned and all Surplus When there is more of a fracking now atmosphere; this is To improve the lives of factory workers, the UK parliament passed the Factory Act 1833 which forbid
al issues current plants will close by 2023 – there are issues of resource than is needed to meet affordable. methane, a children under the age of nine from working in factories.
Children between the ages of nine and thirteen had their working time limited to just nine hours a day!
linked to contamination and disposal of nuclear waste. demand. greenhouse gas. Inspectors were employed to ensure the factory owners obeyed these laws.
energy use. • Economic issues – costs, jobs, set up costs, research, reliability. The Factory Act (1844) brought improvements to factory safety. Dangerous machinery had to be made
• Environmental costs – ecosystems, waste, noise, emissions, Deficit When there is not enough of a fenced off, with safety guards and protection in place. Mill machinery had to be stopped before
pollution, radiation leaks. resource to meet demand. children were made to clean it.