Page 33 - Year 8

Geography: Population and Migration: 5 of 7 Geography: Population: 6 of 7

Migration is the movement of people, from one place to another. Population structure means the number / proportion of people in each age range, for each gender. Population pyramids show the population
structure of the country they represent.
International migration is when people move from one country (the source) to another country (the host). There are three groups on a population pyramid:

Push factors encourage an individual to Pull factors attract individuals to
a place
leave a place.. It pushes them out. It pulls them in.

Causes of Poland to UK Migration Consequence for Host Country (UK) Consequences for the Source Country (Poland)
Economically active – 16-65 age
Poland has always had a culture of mobility. For Polish migrants alone contribute £2.5bn in tax every Poland gains £1bn in remittances which the Polish group, working age and can
example, in the nineteenth century hundreds of year. This provides the government with more tax government can invest in infrastructure and services. provide taxes.
thousands of Polish people migrated to the United to invest in improving services and infrastructure. These remittances reduce the amount the UK
States. government can invest in services and infrastructure. Young dependents – 0-15 age

The UK Government offered British citizenship to About 10,500 Poles work in the NHS. These range, rely on the working age for
over 200,000 displaced Polish soldiers post WW2. individuals help to treat sick Britons, increasing life support via taxes.
This meant there was already an established Polish expectancies in the UK.
Diaspora in the UK. Elderly dependents – 65+ age
Following the end of communism, Poland had high 80% of migrants are aged between 18 and 35, so range, rely on the working age for
unemployment and low wages. For example, in the UK’s ageing population is counteracted. support via taxes.
2004, unemployment in Poland was 20% - in the UK it
was only 4%.

In 2004, Poland joined the European Union, giving
Polish people the legal right to come, live and work
in the UK. The UK was one of only three countries
that allowed these new European union migrants to Application: The UK’s Ageing Population
come and work straight away. Causes Impacts
1. Better health care so illnesses are treated with some success. 1. 2/3s of hospital beds taken by those over the age of 65, this can increase
2. Better diet means heart attacks and diseases related to unhealthy eating are waiting times, putting pressure on the NHS.
on the decline. 2. They receive a state pension causing a significant cost for the government.
3. Fitness; the elderly are looking after themselves better than ever before, e.g. 3. The elderly often look after grandchildren, this means that parents do not have
attending the gym etc. to pay expensive childcare costs, so parents have more disposable cash.